What time of day is breast milk production highest?
Understanding the Role of Prolactin
Interestingly, prolactin levels have a typical 24-hour cycle — just like the human body's circadian rhythm. Prolactin peaks in the early morning hours around 2-5 a.m., while the lowest prolactin levels happen in the late afternoon to early evening.
While the exact time that prolactin levels peak seems to differ from person to person, it most often occurs somewhere between 11 pm and 7 am. High prolactin levels at these times could lead to higher levels of milk production at these times.
Overnight, your prolactin levels – the hormone designed to support milk production – are at their highest. So, when your baby feeds frequently at night, the message to your body to boost milk supply is even stronger.
Your body produces more prolactin (the hormone that promotes milk production) when you breastfeed at night, so night feedings help to keep up milk production. As well, mothers vary in the amount of milk they can store in their breasts, so for many women night feedings are essential to meeting their babies' needs.
Milk supply is lower in the afternoon and evening because prolactin levels naturally decrease throughout the day.
The level of prolactin (the hormone that signals the breasts to make milk) is also higher during night feedings, so the lowered overall prolactin can also contribute to a drop in milk. It's hard to resist the lure of more sleep, but for many mothers, those nightly feedings are essential to avoid low milk supply.
Studies have shown that breastfeeding women's prolactin levels are significantly higher at night, particularly in the wee hours of the morning. Babies often want to nurse at night because quite simply, there's more milk at night!
About 10-15 days after birth, you start making mature milk. Like each phase of breast milk, it has all the nutrients your baby needs. The amount of fat in mature milk changes as you feed your baby.
Does the composition of breast milk change over the course of the 24-hour day? Yes. Breast milk pumped at night has more melatonin — the hormone of drowsiness — and higher levels of nucleotides thought to promote sleep.
The first few days: Your breast milk coming in
Around day three after your baby's birth, your breast milk 'comes in' and your breasts may start to feel noticeably firmer and fuller.
Is there a difference between morning and evening breast milk?
Breast milk changes dramatically over the course of the day. For example, levels of cortisol – a hormone that promotes alertness – are three times higher in morning milk than in evening milk.
As baby eats more solids and takes in less milk, overall milk supply naturally decreases and you may see a decrease in pumping output. You may not notice a change in nursing pattern, as some babies nurse just as often, but take in less milk during those sessions.
Milk production is a demand and supply process. As milk is removed from your breasts, your body is signalled to make more milk. The more frequently and thoroughly the breasts are emptied (though breasts are never truly 'emptied'), the faster they try to refill.
Take care of yourself by getting some extra sleep, drinking more water and even lactation tea, and enjoying skin-to-skin contact with your baby. Over time, these small steps can lead to a significant increase in breast milk production.
Breastfeeding frequently—especially in the first hours, days, and weeks—is the main way to increase your milk supply. Your body will make milk to meet your baby's demand. Try these tips to help you make more milk: Breastfeed every time your baby is hungry.
Pumping more often can help stimulate breasts to produce more milk. Moms can try pumping both breasts for 15 minutes every two hours for 48-72 hours. Then moms can return to their normal pumping routine. Pumping for longer than 30 minutes may not be beneficial. This may just lead to sore nipples.
If mornings don't work for you, you can also try pumping at night after baby's bedtime. Over time, your body will regulate to supply more milk during the extra pumping session. For the best results, take your additional pumping session at the same time each day.
A great way to boost your milk supply quickly is to power pump. Essentially for 2-3 days in a row, you pump after every nursing session for 10-20 minutes. This fully empties your breasts and signals to your body to make more milk.
The normal amount is anywhere between . 5 to 2 ounces (for both breasts) per pumping session.
- Avoid diets and medications that promise rapid weight loss.
- Avoid excess exercise which can decrease your milk supply.
Why am I only pumping 1 oz?
For people who are pumping in the early days and weeks after giving birth, it's good to know that you will likely produce only a few milliliters of colostrum during each pumping session. Once your milk comes in, it's still expected that you'll pump maybe only an ounce or so at a time.
- ensure that baby is attaching well and removing milk efficiently from the breast.
- be prepared to feed your baby more frequently — breastfeed on demand every 2-3 hours at least 8 times in 24 hours.
- switch your baby from one breast to the other; offer each breast twice.
Why it happens: Low milk supply can be the result of not pumping enough, pumping too soon after a feeding or not nursing between sessions. You may also have a low supply if you're not pumping long enough, if you're using the wrong type of pump or you're not drinking enough liquids.
Mothers who exclusively breastfeed twins or triplets can produce 2,000 to 3,000 g/day, although this involves nursing an average of 15 or more times per day (Saint et al., 1986). Women who express surplus milk for a milk bank have been shown to produce as much as 3,000 g/day (Macy et al., 1930).
- A change in your baby's sucking rate from rapid sucks to suckling and swallowing rhythmically, at about one suckle per second.
- Some mothers feel a tingling or pins and needles sensation in the breast.
- Sometimes there is a sudden feeling of fullness in the breast.
Peak Hormone Hours
As it turns out, most of the breastfeeding hormone prolactin is produced at night, as the aforementioned WHO textbook further explained. So it makes sense that the higher prolactin levels which increase your milk production would result in you having a higher output when you wake up in the morning.
Between lack of sleep and adjusting to the baby's schedule, rising levels of certain hormones such as cortisol can dramatically reduce your milk supply.”
At first, pump for five minutes three times a day. Work up to pumping for 10 minutes every four hours, including at least once during the night. Then increase pumping time to 15 to 20 minutes every 2 to 3 hours. Continue the routine until the baby arrives.
Keep Hydrated
As a nursing mother, you need about 16 cups per day of water, which can come from food, beverages and drinking water, to compensate for the extra water that is used to make milk. One way to help you get the fluids you need is to drink a large glass of water each time you breastfeed your baby.
Many moms get the most milk first thing in the morning. Pump between breastfeeding, either 30-60 minutes after nursing or at least one hour before breastfeeding. This should leave plenty of milk for your baby at your next feeding. If your baby wants to breastfeed right after breast pumping, let them!
What are 5 factors that affect milk production?
Genetic background, climate, diseases, feeding, year and season of calving have been reported to affect milk production, lactation length and dry period [2, 3]. Breed, age, stage of lactation, parity and milking frequency also influence performance production [2, 3].
Eating apricots and dates can increase prolactin, which is the hormone that tells your body to produce milk. Apricots contain essential nutrients such as dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C and potassium.
It's useful to evaluate mom's 24 hour pumping output at 10 days. If supply is borderline (350-500 ml / 11-17 oz) or low (less than 350 ml / 11 oz), then galactagogues (prescription meds or herbs to increase supply) or other interventions should be considered.
Milk supply is regulated by hormones and your circadian rhythm, so many women have the most volume of milk in the morning. You can pump in the morning before your baby wakes up, or pump shortly after nursing.
You'll probably start to get somewhere between 1.5-3 ounces of breast milk out every 2-3 hours. All numbers/amounts are rough estimates and may change over the course of the day. This is totally normal as your body produces the most milk early in the morning.